Part 1

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Studying black bears

After years studying North America’s black bears in the conventional way, wildlife biologist Luke Robertson felt no closer to understanding the creatures. He realised that he had to A) catch B) win C) achieve D) receive their trust. Abandoning scientific detachment, he took the daring step of forming relationships with the animals, bringing them food to gain their acceptance.

The A) perception B) awareness C) insight D) vision this has given him into their behaviour has allowed him to dispel certain myths about bears. A) Opposite B) Opposed C) Contrary D) Contradictory to popular belief, he contends that bears do not A) care B) bother C) desire D) hope as much for fruit as previously supposed. He also A) concludes B) disputes C) reasons D) argues claims that they are ferocious.

He says that people should not be A) misguided B) misled C) misdirected D) misinformed by behaviour such as swatting paws on the ground, as this is a defensive, rather than an aggressive, act.

However, Robertson is no sentimentalist. After devoting years of his life to the bears, he is under no A) error B) doubt C) illusion D) impression about their feelings for him. It is clear that their interest in him does not A) expand B) spread C) widen D) extend beyond the food he brings.

Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

The origin of language

The truth is nobody really knows how language first began. Did we all start talking at around the same time of the manner in which our brains had begun to develop?

Although there is a lack of clear evidence, people have come up with various theories about the origins of language. One recent theory is that human beings have evolved in a way that we are programmed for language from the moment of birth. In words, language came about as a result of an evolutionary change in our brains at some stage.

Language well be programmed into the brain but, this, people still need stimulus from others around them. From studies, we know that children are isolated from human contact and have not learnt to construct sentences before they are ten, it is doubtful they will ever do so.

This research shows, if else, that language is a social activity, not something invented isolation.

Part 3

Use the word given in capitals behind the gap to form a word that fits in the gap.

Training sports champions

What are the abilities that a (PROFESSION) sports person needs? To guarantee that opponents can be (COME), speed, stamina and agility are essential, not to mention outstanding natural talent. Both a rigorous and comprehensive (FIT) regime and a highly nutritious diet are vital for top-level performance. It is carbohydrates, rather than proteins and fat, that provide athletes with the (ENDURE) they need to compete. This means that pasta is more (BENEFIT) than eggs or meat. Such a diet enables them to move very energetically when required. Failure to follow a sensible diet can result in the did (ABLE) to maintain stamina.

Regular training to increase muscular (STRONG) is also a vital part of a professional’s regime, and this is (TYPE) done by exercising with weights. Sports people are prone to injury but a quality training regime can ensure that the (SEVERE) of these can be minimised.

Part 4

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

My brother now earns far less than he did when he was younger.

My brother much now as he did when he was younger.

They are demolishing the old bus station and replacing it with a new one.

The old bus station is with a new one.

The number of students now at university has reached an all-time high, apparently.

The number of students now at university is been, apparently.

I’m disappointed with the Fishers’ new album when I compare it to their previous one.

I think the Fishers’ new album is their previous one.

Anna got the job even though she didn’t have much experience in public relations.

Anna got the job of experience in public relations.

‘I must warn you how dangerous it is to cycle at night without any lights,’ said the police officer to Max.

Max received a at night without any lights from the police officer.